The first signs of a heart attack



explain coronary circulation :: Article Creator

Inside A Coronary Bypass Surgery

Coronary artery disease, CAD, is a condition where the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become clogged and narrow, making it difficult for blood and oxygen to reach the muscles of the heart. Coronary bypass surgery is one treatment option to help restore blood flow, when other surgical procedures may not be recommended.

While coronary bypass surgery does not cure the underlying cause of CAD, it can alleviate symptoms, like chest pain, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and palpitations. It is done using general anesthesia, so you will be asleep during the entire procedure. Your surgeon will make an incision in your chest to access your heart and will use a machine to take over blood flow while your heart is temporarily stopped.

In some cases, minimally invasive procedures are possible, where smaller incisions are used or the heart does not need to be stopped. They will remove a healthy blood vessel from a different part of your body-- commonly from the lower leg, arm, or chest-- and relocate it to your heart. The healthy blood vessel will be attached to the heart above and below a blockage to allow blood to bypass the obstruction and flow more freely.

Once your surgeon confirms that blood is circulating properly, they will drain any fluids and sew the incision closed. Follow up with your doctor if you experience post-surgical complications, such as fever, any redness, pain, or discharge from the incision site. ","publisher":"WebMD Video"} ]]>

Hide Video Transcript

[MUSIC PLAYING]

SPEAKER

Coronary artery disease, CAD, is a condition where the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become clogged and narrow, making it difficult for blood and oxygen to reach the muscles of the heart. Coronary bypass surgery is one treatment option to help restore blood flow, when other surgical procedures may not be recommended.

While coronary bypass surgery does not cure the underlying cause of CAD, it can alleviate symptoms, like chest pain, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and palpitations. It is done using general anesthesia, so you will be asleep during the entire procedure. Your surgeon will make an incision in your chest to access your heart and will use a machine to take over blood flow while your heart is temporarily stopped.

In some cases, minimally invasive procedures are possible, where smaller incisions are used or the heart does not need to be stopped. They will remove a healthy blood vessel from a different part of your body-- commonly from the lower leg, arm, or chest-- and relocate it to your heart. The healthy blood vessel will be attached to the heart above and below a blockage to allow blood to bypass the obstruction and flow more freely.

Once your surgeon confirms that blood is circulating properly, they will drain any fluids and sew the incision closed. Follow up with your doctor if you experience post-surgical complications, such as fever, any redness, pain, or discharge from the incision site.


Heart Disease News

Oct. 2, 2024 — Researchers have identified a new potential risk marker for cardiovascular disease in women. A new study shows an association between low levels of an anti-inflammatory antibody and the risk of heart ...

Sep. 18, 2024 — Metal exposure from environmental pollution is associated with increased calcium buildup in the coronary arteries at a level comparable to traditional risk factors, according to a new study. The ...

Sep. 18, 2024 — Researchers used advanced machine learning to increase the accuracy of a national cardiovascular risk calculator while preserving its interpretability and original risk ...

Sep. 17, 2024 — Lower socioeconomic status is associated with higher rates of death from coronary artery disease compared to higher socioeconomic status, and more than half of the disparities can be explained by ...

Sep. 16, 2024 — An international group of cardiologists, angiologists and vascular surgeons is urging regular screening to help prevent complications in people with Peripheral Arterial Disease ...

Sep. 13, 2024 — When a patient needs a new heart valve, the current mechanical and tissue replacements each have strengths and weaknesses. Now, a team of researchers believe they have found a way to harness the ...

Sep. 13, 2024 — Babies born to pregnant women with obesity are more likely to develop heart problems and diabetes as adults due to fetal damage caused by the high-fat, high-energy diet of their ...

Sep. 12, 2024 — Researchers have developed a groundbreaking smartphone app that measures blood pressure using a smartphone's built-in sensors, eliminating the need for traditional cuffs. This technology can ...

Sep. 11, 2024 — People who have had a stroke may be more likely to sleep too much or too little compared to those without prior stroke, according to a new study. The study does not prove that stroke causes abnormal ...

Sep. 11, 2024 — Atrial fibrillation, a rapid, irregular heart beat that can lead to stroke or sudden death, is three times more common than previously thought, affecting nearly 5% of the population, or 10.5 million ...

Sep. 11, 2024 — Patients with throat problems were less able to regulate their blood pressure in a new study. The study shows reduced baroreflex sensitivity in patients with throat ...

Sep. 10, 2024 — When they become fathers, men who have an unhealthy, high-cholesterol diet can cause increased risk of cardiovascular disease, or CVD, in their daughters, a mouse study has ...

Sep. 10, 2024 — A scientific team has created a preclinical blood test to identify adults most likely to develop severe respiratory conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The blood test ...

Sep. 9, 2024 — RNA is expelled from cells via cell death or active release, and can then find its way into blood plasma. Medical researchers have now developed machine learning models that use these cell-free ...

Sep. 5, 2024 — Over-the-counter blood pressure measuring devices offer a simple, affordable way for people to track hypertension at home, but the standard arm-size ranges for these devices won't appropriately ...

Sep. 5, 2024 — A new study found that cardiovascular disease risk among Chinese American immigrants increases with length of residence and varies by location in the ...

Sep. 4, 2024 — A new study has found that regular mobile phone use was positively associated with incident cardiovascular diseases risk. In addition, this association was partly attributed to poor sleep, ...

Sep. 4, 2024 — Our risk of developing atherosclerosis -- 'furring' of the arteries -- can begin much earlier in life than was previously thought, highlighting the need to keep cholesterol levels low even ...

Sep. 3, 2024 — Heart failure during pregnancy is a dangerous and often under-detected condition because common symptoms -- shortness of breath, extreme fatigue and trouble breathing while lying down -- are easily ...

Sep. 2, 2024 — Finerenone reduced the composite of total first and recurrent heart failure (HF) events (hospitalizations for HF or urgent HF visits) and cardiovascular death in patients with HF and mildly reduced ...


The Aging Hypertensive Heart: A Brief Update

Chobanian AV et al.; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee (2003) The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 Report. JAMA 289: 2560–2571

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lakatta EG and Levy D (2003) Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises. Part II: the aging heart in health: links to heart disease. Circulation 107: 346–354

Article  Google Scholar 

Assayag P et al. (1997) Senescent heart compared with pressure overload-induced hypertrophy. Hypertension 29: 15–21

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Olivetti G et al. (1991) Cardiomyopathy of the aging human heart: myocyte loss and reactive cellular hypertrophy. Circ Res 68: 1560–1568

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kitzman DW (2000) Heart failure with normal systolic function. Clin Geriat Med 16: 489–512

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Blacher J and Safar ME (2006) Large artery stiffness and cardiovascular risk: introduction to risk assessment and new strategies. In Handbook of Hypertension. Volume 23: Arterial Stiffness in Hypertension, 241–256 (Eds Safar ME and O'Rourke MF) Amsterdam: Elsevier

Google Scholar 

Mitchel GF (2004) Arterial stiffness and wave reflection in hypertension: pathophysiologic and therapeutic implication. Curr Hypertens Rep 6: 436–461

Article  Google Scholar 

Mitchell GF et al. (2004) Changes in arterial stiffness and wave reflection with advancing age in healthy men and women: the Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension 43: 1239–1245

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Burt VL et al. (1995) Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1991. Hypertension 25: 305–313

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kaas DA (2005) Ventricular arterial stiffening: integrating the pathophysiology. Hypertension 46: 185–193

Article  Google Scholar 

Torella D et al. (2004) Cardiac stem cell and myocyte aging, heart failure, and insulin-like growth factor-1 over-expression. Circ Res 94: 514–524

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lakatta EG (2003) Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises. Part III: cellular and molecular clues to heart and arterial aging. Circulation 107: 490–497

Article  Google Scholar 

Burlew BS and Weber KT (2000) Connective tissue and the heart. Functional significance and regulatory mechanisms. Cardiol Clin 18: 435–442

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Frohlich ED (1990) Left ventricular hypertrophy: an independent factor of risk. Cardiovasc Clin 20: 85–94

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Levy D et al. (1987) Risk of ventricular arrhythmias in left ventricular hypertrophy: the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Cardiol 60: 560–565

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kozakova M et al. (2000) Coronary vasodilator capacity and epicardial vessel remodeling in physiological and hypertensive hypertrophy. Hypertension 36: 343–349

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Frohlich ED (2001) Fibrosis and ischemia: the real risks in hypertensive heart disease. Am J Hypertens 14: 194S–199S

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Weber KT (1989) Cardiac interstitium in health and disease: the fibrillar collagen network. J Am Coll Cardiol 13: 1637–1652

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jugdutt BI (2003) Remodeling of the myocardium and potential targets in the collagen degradation and synthesis pathways. Curr Drug Targets Cardiovasc Haematol Disord 3: 1–30

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Spinale F (2002) Matrix metalloproteinasees: regulation and dysregulation in the failing heart. Circ Res 90: 520–530

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Swynghedauw B (1999) Molecular mechanisms of myocardial remodeling. Physiol Rev 79: 215–262

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Robert V et al. (1997) Differential regulation of matrix metalloproteinases associated with aging and hypertension in the rat heart. Lab Invest 76: 729–738

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shivakumar K et al. (2003) Differential response of cardiac fibroblasts from young adult and senescent rats to ANG II. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 284: H1454–H1459

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Diez-Araya G et al. (2003) IGF-1 modulation of rat cardiac fibroblast behavior and gene expression is age dependent. Cell Commun Adhes 10: 155–165

Article  Google Scholar 

Lindsey ML et al. (2005) Age-dependent changes in myocardial matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase profiles and fibroblast function. Cardiovasc Res 60: 410–419

Article  Google Scholar 

Zile MR and Brutsaert DL (2002) New concepts in diastolic dysfunction and heart failure. Part I: diagnosis, prognosis, and measurements of diastolic function. Circulation 105: 1387–1393

Article  Google Scholar 

Rich MW (2006) Heart failure in older adults. Med Clin North Am 90: 863–885

Article  Google Scholar 

Katz AM and Zile MR (2006) New molecular mechanism in diastolic heart failure. Circulation 113: 1922–1925

Article  Google Scholar 

Kitzman DW et al.; Cardiovascular Health Study Research Group (2001) Importance of heart failure with preserved systolic function in patients ≥65 years of age. CHS Research Group. Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Cardiol 87: 413–419

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Susic D et al. (1998) Coronary hemodynamics in aging spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. J Hypertens 16: 231–237

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Csiszar A et al. (2002) Aging induced phenotypic changes and oxidative stress impair coronary arteriolar function. Circ Res 90: 1159–1166

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tomanek RJ (1990) Response of the coronary vasculature to myocardial hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol 15: 528–533

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Schiffrin EL (2001) Small artery remodeling in hypertension: can it be corrected? Am J Med Sci 322: 7–11

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Folkow B (1995) Hypertensive structural changes in systemic precapillary resistance vessels: how important are they for in vivo hemodynamics? J Hypertens 13: 1546–1559

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zile MR and Brutsaert DL (2002) New concepts in diastolic dysfunction and diastolic heart failure. Part II: causal mechanisms and treatment. Circulation 105: 1503–1508

Article  Google Scholar 

van Heerebeek L et al. (2006) Myocardial structure and function differ in systolic and diastolic heart failure. Circulation 113: 1966–1973

Article  Google Scholar 

De Keulanear GW and Brutsaert DL (2007) Systolic and diastolic heart failure: different phenotypes of the same disease? Eur J Heart Fail 9: 136–143

Article  Google Scholar 

Stokes GS (2006) Treatment of isolated systolic hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 8: 377–383

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pinto E (2007) Blood pressure and ageing. Postgrad Med J 83: 109–114

Article  Google Scholar 

Kumar A et al. (2006) Diastolic heart failure in the elderly and the potential role of aldosterone antagonists. Drugs Aging 23: 299–308

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Frohlich ED and Varagic J (2004) The role of sodium in hypertension is more complex than simply elevating arterial pressure. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 1: 24–30

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gates PE et al. (2004) Dietary sodium restriction rapidly improves large elastic artery compliance in older adults with systolic hypertension. Hypertension 44: 35–41

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bagrov AY and Lakatta EG (2004) The dietary sodium-blood pressure plot "stiffens". Hypertension 44: 22–24

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Elkareh J et al. (2007) Marinobufagenin stimulates fibroblast collagen production and causes fibrosis in experimental uremic cardiomyopathy. Hypertension 49: 215–224

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Taddei S et al. (2006) Endothelium, aging, and hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 8: 84–89

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Barton M (2005) Ageing as a determinant of renal and vascular disease: role of endothelial factors. Nephrol Dial Transplant 20: 485–490

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kansui Y et al. (2002) Angiotensin II receptor antagonist improves age-related endothelial dysfunction. J Hypertens 20: 439–446

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Goto K et al. (2000) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor prevents age-related endothelial dysfunction. Hypertension 36: 581–587

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wu G and Meininger CJ (2000) Arginine nutrition and cardiovascular function. J Nutr 130: 2626–2629

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Susic D et al. (1999) Prolonged L-arginine on cardiovascular mass and myocardial hemodynamics and collagen in aged spontaneously hypertensive rats and normal rats. Hypertension 33: 451–455

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Susic D et al. (2001) Isolated systolic hypertension in elderly WKY is reversed with L-arginine and ACE inhibition. Hypertension 38: 1422–1426

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lee AT and Cerami A (1992) Role of glycation in aging. Ann NY Acad Sci 663: 63–70

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Susic D et al. (2004) Crosslink breakers: a new approach to cardiovascular therapy. Curr Opin Cardiol 19: 336–340

Article  Google Scholar 

Susic D et al. (2004) Cardiovascular and renal effects of a collagen cross-link breaker (ALT-711) in adult and aged spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens 17: 328–333

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Asif M et al. (2000) An advanced glycation endproduct cross-link breaker can reverse age-related increases in myocardial stiffness. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 2809–2813

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Vaitkevicius PL et al. (2001) A cross-link breaker has sustained effects on arterial and ventricular properties in older rhesus monkeys. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 1171–1175

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kass DA et al. (2001) Improved arterial compliance by a novel advanced glycation end-product crosslink breaker. Circulation 104: 1464–1470

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bakris GL et al. (2004) Advanced glycation end-product cross-link breakers: a novel approach to cardiovascular pathologies related to the aging process. Am J Hypertens 17: 23S–30S

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Little WC et al. (2005) The effect of alagebrium chloride (ALT-711), a novel glucose cross-link breaker, in the treatment of elderly patients with diastolic heart failure. J Card Fail 11: 191–195

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 






Comments

Popular Posts