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Supertaster Gene Tied To Higher Health Risks
People who carry a bitter 'supertaster gene' have been linked to various health conditions including bipolar disorder and poor kidney function, University of Queensland researchers have found.
Using large-scale genome studies and the UK Biobank database, researchers examined the impact of the TAS2R38 gene on food preference and health risks.
Dr Daniel Hwang from UQ's Institute for Molecular Bioscience said 70 per cent of the population carried at least one copy of the gene.
"TAS2R38 controls how strongly we taste bitterness in foods such as broccoli and brussels sprouts - making them taste extremely bitter to some people,'' Dr Hwang said.
"If you carry two copies of the gene, you're highly sensitive to bitter-tasting chemical compounds phenylthiocarbamide and propylthiouracil.''
Dr Hwang said the gene has long sparked interest in how taste perception influences health outcomes.
Researchers split the study into two components - the first using data from about 500,000 participants aged between 37 and 73 from the UK Biobank, one of the world's largest human genetic databases, to investigate food preferences.
The second component examined the impact of the gene on a range of health conditions using data from some of the biggest studies conducted globally.
The study found people with copies of the TAS2R38 gene tend to consume less horseradish, grapefruit and alcohol, are less likely to add extra salt to their meals, and tend to prefer cucumber, melon and tea.
There was also an association with chronic kidney disease, and increased odds of having bipolar disorder.
"People with the gene are more sensitive to salty tastes - they are less likely to add extra salt because foods are already salty enough,'' Dr Hwang said.
"But interestingly, they enjoy foods that are moderately salty and end up eating more salt overall, which could impact kidney function over time."
Researchers also found people with the TAS2R38 gene are less likely to experience gut inflammation.
Dr Hwang said an individual's gut microbiome is possibly related to what they eat because sensory perception is linked to food choices.
"We found that people with this gene have more Parabacteroides - a type of bacteria that's actually linked to better gut health and lower inflammation," Dr Hwang said.
But he said while the gene's link with the gut microbiome and diet can be explained, the higher risk of bipolar disorder is unclear.
"This information will be useful in designing more personalised nutrition plans," Dr Hwang said.
The TAS2R38 gene evolved to help early humans detect the bitterness of potentially poisonous foods, increasing their chances of survival in the wild.
Although the gene was discovered in the early 2000s, scientists in the 1930s found some people could taste the bitterness of a chemical called phenylthiocarbamide while others couldn't, suggesting a genetic basis for the trait.
"While more work is needed, the study provides new research directions for understanding this bitter taster receptor gene in human health," Dr Hwang said.
The research is published in European Journal of Nutrition.
UQ Communications
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SYDNEY, June 12 (Xinhua) -- A gene that makes people especially sensitive to bitter tastes has been linked to a higher risk of bipolar disorder, a mental illness causing severe mood swings and chronic kidney disease, according to Australian researchers.
The University of Queensland (UQ) said in a news release on Thursday that the new research focused on the TAS2R38 gene, which determines how strongly people perceive bitterness in foods like broccoli and Brussels sprouts, said a release from the university.
About 70 percent of people carry at least one copy of this gene, with those inheriting two copies experiencing the most intense bitterness, it said, adding the "supertaster gene" is believed to have evolved to help early humans avoid poisonous plants by detecting bitterness.
Researchers analyzed data from nearly half a million participants in the UK Biobank, a large-scale biomedical database and research resource, examining both dietary preferences and health outcomes.
They found that people with the TAS2R38 gene variant tend to avoid bitter foods such as horseradish, grapefruit, and alcohol, but prefer milder options like cucumber and melon, and, despite using less added salt, actually consume more salt overall, a factor that may impact kidney health, said the study's lead researcher Daniel Hwang from UQ's Institute for Molecular Bioscience.
The study, published in the European Journal of Nutrition, identified a genetic link between the TAS2R38 variant and increased odds of developing bipolar disorder, a condition marked by dramatic shifts between high and low moods.
On a positive note, carriers of the gene were found to have a healthier gut microbiome, with higher levels of Parabacteroides bacteria, which are associated with reduced gut inflammation, Hwang said.
The gene's link to taste and diet is clear, but its connection to mental health needs more study and could inform personalized nutrition plans, he added. ■
7 Essential Ways Love Thrives With Bipolar Disorder
Despite challenges, many couples build lasting bonds when mental health is part of the equation
When mental health conditions enter romantic relationships, the journey becomes more complex but not impossible. Bipolar disorder affects millions of people worldwide, and many find meaningful, lasting love despite the unique challenges this condition presents. The key lies in understanding, preparation, and commitment from both partners.
Bipolar disorder involves extreme mood swings that alternate between manic highs and depressive lows. These episodes can last days, weeks, or even months, creating a rollercoaster effect that impacts every aspect of life, including romantic relationships. However, countless couples have learned to navigate these waters successfully, building stronger bonds through their shared experiences.
Understanding the emotional landscapeThe first step toward a thriving relationship involves recognizing how bipolar disorder manifests in daily life. During manic episodes, individuals may experience elevated energy, reduced need for sleep, increased confidence, and sometimes poor judgment. These periods can feel exhilarating but may lead to impulsive decisions that affect the relationship.
Depressive episodes present the opposite challenge, bringing feelings of sadness, hopelessness, fatigue, and withdrawal. Partners may struggle to connect during these times, feeling helpless or rejected when their loved one pulls away emotionally.
Between these episodes, many people with bipolar disorder experience periods of stability where their mood remains relatively balanced. These windows provide opportunities for couples to strengthen their connection and prepare for future challenges.
Building a foundation of open communicationSuccessful relationships require honest dialogue about expectations, boundaries, and concerns. When bipolar disorder is involved, this communication becomes even more critical. Partners need to discuss how the condition affects daily routines, social activities, and long-term goals.
Creating a safe space for these conversations helps both individuals express their needs without fear of judgment. The partner without bipolar disorder should feel comfortable sharing their own concerns and limitations, while the person with the condition can explain their experiences and preferences for support.
Regular check-ins about mood changes, medication effects, and stress levels help couples stay connected and anticipate potential challenges. These conversations should happen consistently, not just during difficult periods.
Establishing practical support systemsPhysical and emotional intimacy can fluctuate significantly with mood episodes. During manic periods, libido may increase dramatically, while depressive episodes often decrease interest in physical connection. Partners need patience and flexibility to adapt to these changes without taking them personally.
Emotional intimacy also requires special attention. The partner with bipolar disorder may struggle with vulnerability during certain episodes, while the supporting partner might feel emotionally drained or confused. Finding alternative ways to connect during difficult periods helps maintain the relationship bond.
Small gestures of affection and understanding often matter more than grand romantic displays. Simple acts like preparing a favorite meal, watching a comforting movie together, or just sitting quietly in the same room can provide meaningful connection when traditional intimacy feels challenging.
Managing financial and practical considerationsBipolar disorder can impact financial stability through impulsive spending during manic episodes or reduced productivity during depressive periods. Couples need honest discussions about money management, including safeguards like separate accounts for discretionary spending or agreed-upon limits for large purchases.
Career stability may also fluctuate, requiring flexible planning for income variations. Insurance coverage for mental health treatment represents another important consideration that affects household budgeting and treatment access.
Household responsibilities may need adjustment based on mood cycles. Having backup plans for essential tasks ensures that daily life continues smoothly even when one partner experiences difficulties.
Maintaining individual identity and growthSuccessful couples often develop their own unique rhythms and strategies that work specifically for their situation. What matters most is finding approaches that honor both partners' needs while maintaining love and respect throughout various challenges.
Education about bipolar disorder helps both partners understand that the condition involves brain chemistry changes beyond anyone's control. This perspective reduces blame and frustration while encouraging compassion and patience.
Celebrating small victories and stable periods reinforces positive aspects of the relationship. Acknowledging progress in treatment, successful navigation of difficult episodes, or simply good days together builds confidence for future challenges.
Many couples find that facing mental health challenges together actually strengthens their bond over time. The experience of supporting each other through difficulties creates deep trust and appreciation that enhances the relationship beyond what might have developed otherwise.
Building hope for the futureRelationships involving bipolar disorder require extra effort, understanding, and professional support, but they can absolutely thrive with proper attention and care. The key lies in approaching the journey with realistic expectations, open hearts, and commitment to growth together.
Success stories abound of couples who have built beautiful, lasting relationships while managing bipolar disorder. These partnerships often feature extraordinary depth, compassion, and resilience that serves them well throughout all of life's challenges, not just those related to mental health.
With proper treatment, communication, and mutual support, love truly can flourish alongside bipolar disorder, creating relationships that are both meaningful and sustainable for the long term.
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